Pearls are among the most delicate and cherished gemstones in fine jewelry, requiring special care to maintain their lustrous beauty. Unlike harder gemstones, pearls are organic and porous, making them vulnerable to chemicals, acids, and physical damage. This comprehensive guide provides expert-approved methods for cleaning, storing, and maintaining your pearl jewelry to ensure it remains beautiful for generations.
Drawing on recommendations from the Gemological Institute of America (GIA), the American Gem Society (AGS), and Deeve's five-generation expertise in fine jewelry, this guide offers science-based care instructions specifically tailored for pearls.
Understanding Pearl Composition and Vulnerability
What Makes Pearls Unique
Pearls are composed primarily of calcium carbonate (aragonite) in crystalline form, along with conchiolin (an organic protein). This organic composition makes them:
- Softer than most gemstones (2.5-4.5 on the Mohs hardness scale)
- Porous and susceptible to absorption of chemicals and oils
- Sensitive to acids, including those in perfumes, cosmetics, and even perspiration
- Vulnerable to dehydration and cracking if stored improperly
Since pearls are often set in 14K or 18K gold settings, it's important to care for both the pearl and the metal. Learn more in our Complete Guide to Caring for Fine Jewelry.
Daily Care and Wear Practices
The "Last On, First Off" Rule
Always put pearls on last and take them off first:
- Apply makeup, perfume, hairspray, and lotions before putting on pearls
- Remove pearls immediately upon returning home
- Wipe pearls gently with a soft, damp cloth after each wearing
When to Remove Pearl Jewelry
Always remove pearls before:
- Swimming (chlorine and saltwater damage pearls)
- Exercising (perspiration contains acids that can damage nacre)
- Showering or bathing
- Applying cosmetics, perfumes, or hair products
- Cooking (exposure to heat and food acids)
- Cleaning with household products
- Sleeping
Cleaning Your Pearl Jewelry
After Each Wearing: Essential Maintenance
What You'll Need:
- Soft, lint-free cloth (microfiber or jewelry polishing cloth)
- Lukewarm water (never hot or cold)
Quick Cleaning Process:
- Dampen a soft cloth with lukewarm water
- Gently wipe each pearl to remove oils, perspiration, and residue
- Use a dry section of the cloth to pat pearls dry
- Allow to air dry completely before storing (at least 30 minutes)
Deep Cleaning (Monthly or As Needed)
What You'll Need:
- Lukewarm water
- Extremely mild soap (baby shampoo or specialized pearl cleaner)
- Soft cloth
- Clean, dry towel
Step-by-Step Deep Cleaning:
- Prepare solution: Mix a tiny amount of mild soap with lukewarm water
- Dampen cloth: Dip a soft cloth in the solution and wring out excess water
- Wipe gently: Carefully wipe each pearl with the damp cloth
- Rinse cloth: Rinse the cloth in clean lukewarm water and wring out
- Remove soap residue: Wipe pearls again with the clean, damp cloth
- Dry thoroughly: Pat dry with a clean towel and allow to air dry completely
- Never submerge: Do not soak pearl strands as water can weaken the silk thread
What to NEVER Use on Pearls
Harmful Cleaning Methods and Substances
Avoid completely:
- Ultrasonic cleaners (can damage pearls and loosen settings)
- Steam cleaners (heat can crack pearls)
- Jewelry cleaning solutions (too harsh for pearls)
- Ammonia-based cleaners
- Vinegar or any acidic solutions
- Baking soda (too abrasive)
- Toothpaste (abrasive and can scratch)
- Dish soap with degreasers or moisturizers
- Chlorine bleach
- Abrasive cloths or brushes
Proper Storage for Pearls
Storage Best Practices
Essential storage guidelines:
- Separate storage: Store pearls separately from other jewelry to prevent scratching from harder gemstones and metals
- Soft pouches: Use soft cloth pouches or lined jewelry boxes
- Avoid airtight containers: Pearls need moisture; completely airtight storage can cause dehydration and cracking
- Lay flat: Store pearl necklaces laid flat to prevent stretching of the silk thread
- Avoid plastic bags: Plastic can emit chemicals that damage pearls over time
Environmental Considerations
- Moderate humidity: Store in areas with moderate humidity (not too dry, not too damp)
- Avoid extreme temperatures: Keep away from heat sources and direct sunlight
- Safe location: Store in a secure place away from potential damage
Restringing Pearl Necklaces
When to Restring
Pearl necklaces should be restrung periodically to prevent breakage and loss:
- Frequently worn pearls: Every 1-2 years
- Occasionally worn pearls: Every 2-3 years
- Signs of needed restringing: Visible thread between pearls, stretched or discolored thread, loose knots
Professional Restringing
Always have pearls restrung by a professional jeweler who:
- Uses silk thread (traditional and best for pearls)
- Knots between each pearl (prevents total loss if strand breaks)
- Inspects each pearl for damage
- Ensures proper tension (not too tight, not too loose)
Professional Care and Maintenance
Annual Professional Inspection
Schedule professional inspection at least once a year:
- Thread condition assessment
- Clasp security check
- Pearl surface examination for damage
- Setting inspection (for pearl rings and earrings)
- Professional cleaning if needed
Special Considerations for Different Pearl Types
Freshwater Pearls
Generally more durable than saltwater pearls but still require gentle care following all guidelines above.
Akoya Pearls
Delicate nacre requires extra gentle handling and frequent restringing.
South Sea and Tahitian Pearls
Thicker nacre but still vulnerable to chemicals and acids. Follow all care guidelines meticulously.
Wearing Pearls Regularly
The Benefits of Regular Wear
Contrary to popular belief, pearls benefit from regular wear:
- Natural body oils help maintain luster (in moderation)
- Prevents dehydration from long-term storage
- Allows you to monitor condition and catch issues early
However: Always wipe pearls after wearing to remove excess oils and acids.
Restoring Luster to Dull Pearls
Professional Restoration
If pearls have lost their luster:
- Consult a professional jeweler specializing in pearls
- Professional cleaning may restore some luster
- Severe damage may be irreversible
- Prevention through proper care is always better than restoration
Travel Care for Pearls
When traveling with pearl jewelry:
- Use a padded jewelry travel case with separate compartments
- Wrap each piece in soft cloth
- Carry in your carry-on luggage (never checked bags)
- Avoid wearing pearls during travel activities (swimming, hiking, etc.)
- Bring a soft cloth for wiping after wear
Insurance and Documentation
Protect your pearl investment:
- Obtain professional appraisals for valuable pearl jewelry
- Photograph your pieces from multiple angles
- Keep all certificates of authenticity and purchase receipts
- Consider jewelry insurance for valuable pieces
- Update appraisals every 2-3 years
Signs Your Pearls Need Professional Attention
Watch for these warning signs:
- Visible thread between pearls in a strand
- Dull or chalky appearance
- Cracks or chips in the nacre
- Loose or damaged clasps
- Discolored or frayed thread
- Loose settings in pearl rings or earrings
Related Care Guides
Explore our other specialized jewelry care guides:
- Complete Guide to Caring for Gold and Diamond Jewelry
- How to Clean and Care for Emeralds
- How to Clean and Care for Turquoise
Learn More About Fine Jewelry
Deepen your understanding of jewelry materials and craftsmanship:
- Gold Education Hub - Learn about the gold settings that hold your pearls
- Diamond Education Hub - Explore our diamond jewelry care resources
Conclusion
Pearls are delicate treasures that require gentle, consistent care. By following these expert-approved guidelines—wiping after each wear, avoiding harsh chemicals, storing properly, and scheduling regular professional maintenance—your pearl jewelry will maintain its lustrous beauty for generations.
At Deeve, we're committed to helping you preserve your precious pearl jewelry. Our complimentary inspection and professional restringing services ensure your pearls receive the expert care they deserve.
Remember: Pearls are living gems that need your attention. Treat them gently, wear them often, and they'll reward you with timeless beauty.